· Other
Prosecution of Talysh activists
Azerbaijani authorities have repeatedly prosecuted Talysh activists, journalists and researchers advocating autonomy, decentralization or minority-language rights.
Global timeline
Dated events from published cases, in chronological order. Dates keep their real precision; a period filter includes any event whose date range overlaps it.
Events
106 events.
Events over time
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· Other
Hong Kong protests, 2019-2020
The largest protests in Hong Kong's modern history arose over an extradition bill and continued for months.
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· Other
UN Special Rapporteurs' letter of concern on the ChaoFa Hmong, 2020
UN human-rights bodies raised concerns about the treatment of an isolated Hmong resistance community in Laos.
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· Referendum or popular consultation
Puerto Rico status referendum, 2020
A simple yes/no statehood question passed with 52.5% support, though non-binding absent congressional action.
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· Other
Inner Mongolia language-policy protests, 2020
Protests over changes to language education policy were characterized by the Chinese government as evidence of separatism.
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· Organisation founded
Founding of Wexit Canada, 2020
A pan-Western Canadian party formed seeking either constitutional change or independence for the broader region.
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· Agreement
Bodo Peace Accord, 2020
A comprehensive tripartite accord with all major NDFB factions expanded Bodo self-government and was characterized by the Assam government as ending the separate-statehood demand.
In: Bodoland
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· Declaration
STC self-administration declaration, 2020
The STC formally declared self-rule over territory it controlled after the Riyadh Agreement stalled.
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· Legislation
Hong Kong National Security Law, 2020
Beijing imposed sweeping security legislation on Hong Kong, leading to widespread arrests and the closure of pro-democracy organisations and publications.
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· Conflict episode
Western Togoland Rebellion, 2020
The WTRF declared sovereignty and attacked police stations, prompting a security crackdown.
In: Western Togoland
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· Other
Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, 2020
A 44-day war in which Azerbaijan recaptured surrounding territories and part of Nagorno-Karabakh itself, reversing much of the outcome of the first war.
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· Conflict episode
Breakdown of the Western Sahara ceasefire, 2020
The Frente POLISARIO announced its withdrawal from the 1991 ceasefire and a return to armed struggle.
In: Western Sahara
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· Recognition
US recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara, 2020
The United States recognised Moroccan sovereignty over the whole Territory and endorsed Morocco’s autonomy proposal as the only basis for a solution.
In: Western Sahara
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· Other
KNU response to the 2021 Myanmar coup
The KNU became the first ethnic armed organization to oppose the coup, resuming armed conflict after nearly a decade of ceasefire.
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· Other
Emergence of the Kuki-Chin National Front, 2021-2023
A newer armed group representing different ethnic communities than the PCJSS emerged demanding a separate state within the Hill Tracts.
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· Agreement
Joint Communique on the outcome of the Bougainville referendum, 2021
The PNG and Bougainville governments opened formal consultations on the referendum outcome and restated that the National Parliament takes the final decision.
In: Bougainville
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· Other
Annobón autonomy request, 2021
Annobonese representatives requested autonomy from Equatorial Guinea, receiving, per their account, no response.
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· Declaration
Ibadan declaration of the Oduduwa Republic, 2021
Over 100 self-determination groups declared a Yoruba nation independent of Nigeria.
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· Other
Founding of the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force, 2021
A new, multiethnic Karenni defense force formed in response to the military coup, growing to over 7,000 personnel by 2025.
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· Other
DSS raid on Sunday Igboho's residence and his arrest, 2021
A state security raid on Igboho's home and his subsequent arrest in Benin Republic became a defining moment for the movement.
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· Other
2022 Khorog and Rushan crackdown
A fatal police shooting triggered protests that escalated into a deadly government crackdown, followed by lengthy prison sentences for local activists.
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· Legislation
Republika Srpska National Assembly withdrawal decisions, 2021
The RS National Assembly voted to withdraw the entity's participation in Bosnia's joint army, judiciary and tax administration, prompting years of constitutional conflict.
In: Republika Srpska
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· Referendum or popular consultation
2021 New Caledonian independence referendum
The third Nouméa Accord referendum rejected independence, but was boycotted by pro-independence Kanak leaders amid a COVID-19 outbreak.
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· Legal decision
Fitisemanu v. United States Tenth Circuit ruling, 2021
A federal appeals court ruled that American Samoans are not entitled to birthright US citizenship, a decision the territorial government itself had argued for.
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· Other
Death of Mahsa (Jina) Amini and 2022 protests
The death in custody of a young Kurdish Iranian woman triggered nationwide protests in which Kurdish areas played a prominent role, followed by Iranian strikes on Kurdish opposition groups in Iraq.
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· Other
Russian recognition and attempted annexation of Donetsk and Luhansk, 2022
Russia recognized the DPR and LPR as independent states shortly before its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, then attempted to annex both regions along with Kherson and Zaporizhzhia following disputed referendums.
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· Protest
Corsica unrest following the assault on Yvan Colonna, 2022
The fatal prison assault on nationalist figure Yvan Colonna triggered riots across Corsica and renewed pressure for autonomy talks.
In: Corsica
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· Other
British Virgin Islands Commission of Inquiry report, 2022
The Commission of Inquiry recommended direct UK rule following findings of governance failures, published around the time of the premier's arrest.
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· Election
Northern Ireland Assembly election, 2022
Sinn Féin became the Assembly's largest party for the first time, but a DUP boycott prevented the Executive from forming for two years.
In: Northern Ireland
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· Other
2022 Karakalpak protests
Proposed removal of Karakalpakstan's sovereignty and secession rights triggered deadly protests, forcing a presidential reversal.
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· Declaration
Unilateral declaration of independence of the Republic of Annobón, 2022
Annobonese representatives unilaterally declared independence, an act not internationally recognized.
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· Other
OHCHR assessment of human rights concerns in Xinjiang, 2022
The UN human rights office found that documented detention practices may constitute crimes against humanity.
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· Agreement
Pretoria Agreement, 2022
An African Union-brokered agreement ended the Tigray War, establishing an interim regional administration.
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· Legal decision
Supreme Court ruling on a Scottish independence referendum bill, 2022
The UK Supreme Court held that the Scottish Parliament cannot legislate for an independence referendum without a change to the reserved matters.
In: Scotland
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· Agreement
Cornwall Level Two devolution deal, 2023
Cornwall agreed a devolution deal transferring powers over adult education, green energy and Cornish culture, stopping short of the mayoral model considered in 2022.
In: Cornwall
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· Other
Killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar and India-Canada diplomatic crisis, 2023-2026
The killing of a Canadian Sikh separatist leader led to mutual diplomatic expulsions and unresolved allegations of Indian state involvement.
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· Agreement
KLO ceasefire and peace process, 2023
The KLO's leadership surrendered and entered peace talks with the Indian government.
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· Agreement
Canada-facilitated peace process agreement, 2023
The Cameroonian government and multiple Ambazonian groups agreed to enter a Canada-facilitated peace process.
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· Administrative change
Tatarstan presidential title abolished, 2023
Tatarstan renamed its head of state from "President" to "Rais," ending the last use of that title by a Russian regional leader.
In: Tatarstan
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· Agreement
Agreement on the Path to Normalisation and Ohrid Implementation Annex, 2023
Kosovo and Serbia reached a further EU-facilitated normalisation agreement, under which Serbia committed not to oppose Kosovo's international-organisation membership.
In: Kosovo
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· Agreement
Windsor Framework, 2023
The UK and EU agreed revisions to the Northern Ireland Protocol's operation, later paving the way for the DUP to end its Stormont boycott.
In: Northern Ireland
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· Election
2023 French Polynesian territorial election
The pro-independence Tavini Huiraatira party won the territorial election, bringing Moetai Brotherson to the presidency.
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· Other
September 2023 Azerbaijani offensive and exodus
A rapid Azerbaijani military offensive led to the dissolution of Artsakh's defence forces and the flight of the great majority of the region's ethnic Armenian population.
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· Other
7 October 2023 attack
Hamas and allied groups attacked southern Israel from Gaza, killing over a thousand people and taking hostages, triggering the subsequent Gaza war.
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· Referendum or popular consultation
Indigenous Voice referendum, 2023
A referendum on a constitutionally enshrined Indigenous advisory body was defeated.
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· Agreement
UNLF Suspension of Operations agreement, 2023
The oldest Manipuri insurgent organisation agreed to suspend armed operations against Indian security forces.
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· Other
Establishment of the Chinland Council, 2023
Chin resistance forces established an interim governing council and constitution, forming a Chinland government in February 2024.
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· Legal decision
Supreme Court ruling on Article 370 abrogation, 2023
India's highest court upheld the 2019 changes while ordering statehood to be restored.
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· Agreement
ULFA peace accord, 2023
The pro-talks ULFA faction disbanded after decades of insurgency, though a hardline faction continues to seek sovereignty.
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· Other
Karelian National Movement banned, 2024
Russian authorities added the Karelian National Movement to the country's list of banned organisations.
In: Karelia