Global timeline

Dated events from published cases, in chronological order. Dates keep their real precision; a period filter includes any event whose date range overlaps it.

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Events

675 events.

Events over time

Published events in this view, counted by their earliest possible date in 10-year periods. Select a period to narrow the list.
  1. 1700–1709: 1 event
  2. 1710–1719: 1 event
  3. 1720–1729: no events
  4. 1730–1739: no events
  5. 1740–1749: no events
  6. 1750–1759: no events
  7. 1760–1769: no events
  8. 1770–1779: 2 events
  9. 1780–1789: 2 events
  10. 1790–1799: 1 event
  11. 1800–1809: 2 events
  12. 1810–1819: 2 events
  13. 1820–1829: 7 events
  14. 1830–1839: 2 events
  15. 1840–1849: no events
  16. 1850–1859: no events
  17. 1860–1869: 2 events
  18. 1870–1879: 1 event
  19. 1880–1889: 1 event
  20. 1890–1899: 6 events
  21. 1900–1909: 4 events
  22. 1910–1919: 11 events
  23. 1920–1929: 13 events
  24. 1930–1939: 7 events
  25. 1940–1949: 53 events
  26. 1950–1959: 23 events
  27. 1960–1969: 59 events
  28. 1970–1979: 83 events
  29. 1980–1989: 43 events
  30. 1990–1999: 106 events
  31. 2000–2009: 59 events
  32. 2010–2019: 80 events
  33. 2020–2029: 104 events

  1. · Constitutional change

    Union of Scotland and England, 1707

    The Kingdoms of Scotland and England were united as Great Britain, with one Parliament, from 1 May 1707.

    In: Scotland

  2. In: Catalonia

  3. · Conflict episode

    American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783

    Fighting between American and British forces from 1775 to 1783 caused a disputed toll of casualties, including roughly 6,800 American combat deaths, about 17,000 further American deaths from disease, and 43,633 British military deaths.

    In: United States

  4. In: United States

  5. · Constitutional change

    Articles of Confederation ratified, 1781

    The Articles of Confederation, drafted and submitted to the states on 15 November 1777, were ratified by all thirteen states when Maryland approved them on 1 March 1781, taking effect the same day as the first US constitution.

    In: United States

  6. · Agreement

    Treaty of Paris, 1783

    Great Britain formally acknowledged the independence of the United States in the Treaty of Paris, signed 3 September 1783, ending the Revolutionary War.

    In: United States

  7. · Conflict episode

    Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804

    An uprising of enslaved people beginning in August 1791, led at various stages by figures including Toussaint Louverture, developed into a war for independence against France; published casualty estimates vary widely, with figures cited between roughly 200,000 and 350,000 total deaths.

    In: Haiti

  8. · Declaration

    Haitian Declaration of Independence, 1804

    Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaimed Haitian independence from France at Gonaïves on 1 January 1804, following the Haitian Revolution, with assembled generals swearing to renounce France forever.

    In: Haiti

  9. · Conflict episode

    1804 Haitian massacre

    Between early February and 22 April 1804, Jean-Jacques Dessalines ordered the killing of the remaining white population of Haiti.

    In: Haiti

  10. · Conflict episode

    Mexican War of Independence, 1810-1821

    Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla launched the independence struggle with the "Cry of Dolores" on 16 September 1810; after his 1811 execution José María Morelos led a second phase until his own 1815 execution, and the war continued until 1821. Published casualty estimates vary widely, from roughly 250,000 to 600,000 total deaths.

    In: Mexico

  11. · Other

    Hartford Convention, 1814

    New England Federalist delegates debated secession amid War of 1812 grievances, but chose a moderate constitutional-amendment path instead.

    In: New England independence proposals

  12. · Administrative change

    Pedro's regency and the 1821-22 crisis

    King John VI returned to Portugal in February 1821, leaving his son Pedro as regent of Brazil; when the Portuguese Côrtes demanded in January 1822 that Pedro also return, he refused, precipitating the crisis that led to the September 1822 proclamation of independence.

    In: Brazil

  13. · Agreement

    Plan of Iguala and Treaty of Córdoba, 1821

    Agustín de Iturbide proclaimed the Plan of Iguala on 24 February 1821, advocating an independent constitutional monarchy; he and Spanish viceroy Juan O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba on 24 August 1821, ratifying the plan and providing for the withdrawal of Spanish forces.

    In: Mexico

  14. · Declaration

    Act of Independence of the Mexican Empire, 1821

    Following the entry of the Army of the Three Guarantees into Mexico City, the Supreme Provisional Government Junta declared Mexico a sovereign and independent nation on 28 September 1821, signed by 33 board members and Agustín de Iturbide.

    In: Mexico

  15. · Conflict episode

    Brazilian War of Independence, 1822-1824

    Portuguese garrisons in Bahia, Cisplatina, Maranhão and Pará resisted Brazilian sovereignty until 1823-24; published casualty estimates for the war vary, ranging from roughly 3,000 to over 6,000 dead.

    In: Brazil

  16. · Declaration

    Cry of Ipiranga, 1822

    Prince Regent Pedro proclaimed Brazilian independence from Portugal on the banks of the Ipiranga Brook near São Paulo on 7 September 1822, becoming Emperor Pedro I the following month.

    In: Brazil

  17. · Agreement

    French Recognition of Haitian Independence, 1825

    King Charles X of France issued a Royal Ordinance on 17 April 1825 granting Haiti "full independence" of its government in exchange for a 150-million-franc indemnity to former French colonists, backed by a French naval squadron.

    In: Haiti

  18. In: Brazil

  19. In: Southern Brazilian separatism

  20. · Agreement

    Spanish Recognition of Mexican Independence, 1836

    Spain formally recognised Mexico as a "free, sovereign, and independent nation" in the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty, signed in Madrid on 28 December 1836, fifteen years after Mexico's declaration.

    In: Mexico

  21. In: Zulia political-status proposals

  22. · Other

    Circassian exile and end of the Russo-Circassian War, 1864

    The Russian Empire's conquest of the Western Caucasus culminated in the mass expulsion of the Circassian population, an event later characterized by many scholars and some governments as genocide, a term Russia's government rejects.

    In: Circassian self-determination

  23. In: Ryukyu / Okinawan self-determination

  24. In: Rapa Nui self-determination

  25. In: Pashtunistan political projects

  26. In: Hawaiian sovereignty

  27. In: Mthwakazi / Matabeleland independence advocacy

  28. In: Miskitu self-determination

  29. · Conflict episode

    Cuban War of Independence, 1895-1898

    Cuban insurgents fought Spanish colonial rule from 1895; General Valeriano Weyler's reconcentration policy forced hundreds of thousands of civilians into camps, causing a disputed death toll variously estimated between roughly 95,000 and 300,000.

    In: Cuba

  30. · Agreement

    Treaty of Paris, 1898

    Spain relinquished sovereignty over Cuba in the Treaty of Paris, signed 10 December 1898, ending the Spanish-American War; Cuba was placed under US military government rather than granted immediate independence.

    In: Cuba

  31. In: Cuba

  32. · Declaration

    The 7 June Declaration, 1905

    The Storting declared that King Oscar II had ceased to function as King of Norway, thereby asserting that the personal union with Sweden was dissolved, a position confirmed by referendum that August.

    In: Norway

  33. In: Norway

  34. · Referendum or popular consultation

    1905 Norwegian monarchy referendum

    A referendum on 12-13 November 1905 decided Norway's form of government by 259,563 votes for a monarchy to 69,264 for a republic; Prince Carl of Denmark had insisted on this referendum before he would accept the throne, and he was formally offered it on 18 November, becoming King Haakon VII.

    In: Norway

  35. · Declaration

    Finnish Declaration of Independence, 1917

    The Senate of Finland presented a declaration of independence from Russia, asserting Finland's place "as an independent nation at the side of other peoples of the world," which Parliament approved on 6 December 1917.

    In: Finland

  36. · Recognition

    Soviet Russian Recognition of Finnish Independence, 1917

    The Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Russia recognised Finnish independence, a decision confirmed by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, becoming the first state to recognise Finland.

    In: Finland

  37. In: Finland

  38. · Conflict episode

    Finnish Civil War, 1918

    The Finnish Civil War, fought between the Reds and the German- and Swedish-backed Whites from 27 January to 15 May 1918, caused a disputed total of roughly 36,000-38,000 deaths, including thousands of executions and prison-camp deaths after the fighting ended.

    In: Finland

  39. · Declaration

    Act of Independence of Lithuania, 1918

    The Council of Lithuania unanimously proclaimed the restoration of an independent state of Lithuania, with Vilnius as its capital, on 16 February 1918, signed by all twenty Council members.

    In: Lithuania

  40. · Declaration

    Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia, 1918

    The Estonian Salvation Committee proclaimed an independent and democratic Republic of Estonia in the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia, published 24 February 1918, amid the withdrawal of Russian and advance of German forces during the First World War.

    In: Estonia

  41. · Declaration

    Declaration of Independence of Latvia, 1918

    The People's Council of Latvia proclaimed Latvia an independent, sovereign, democratic republic on 18 November 1918, electing Jānis Čakste as its Chairman and Kārlis Ulmanis as first Prime Minister.

    In: Latvia

  42. · Conflict episode

    Irish War of Independence, 1919-1921

    The IRA waged a guerrilla war against British Crown forces from January 1919 to the July 1921 truce; published casualty figures vary, with roughly 491 IRA and 506 Crown Force deaths cited alongside 919 civilian deaths logged across the wider 1917-1921 period.

    In: Ireland

  43. · Other

    Ålandic status plebiscite, 1919

    An unofficial local plebiscite found overwhelming support for union with Sweden, but the vote had no legal effect.

    In: Åland Islands

  44. · Declaration

    Republic of North Ingria, 1919-1920

    A short-lived, unrecognized Ingrian Finnish breakaway state on the Karelian Isthmus, ended by the Treaty of Tartu.

    In: Ingria

  45. · Declaration

    North Caucasian Emirate, 1919-1920

    A short-lived unrecognized monarchy under Uzun-Hajji claiming authority over Dagestan and the wider North Caucasus during the Russian Civil War.

    In: Dagestani political-status movements

  46. · Agreement

    League of Nations mandate over South West Africa, 1920

    South Africa received a League of Nations mandate over South West Africa on 17 December 1920 and, after refusing to place the territory under UN Trusteeship following the Second World War, continued to administer it; the International Court of Justice ruled in 1971 that this continued occupation was illegal.

    In: Namibia

  47. In: Silesian political-status movements

  48. In: Kurdish self-determination

  49. · Other

    Dagestan uprising, 1920-1921

    A Naqshbandi-led uprising against Soviet rule that briefly controlled much of mountainous Dagestan before being suppressed.

    In: Dagestani political-status movements

  50. In: Åland Islands