· Agreement
Naga Framework Agreement, 2015
A framework of agreed principles was signed as the basis for a future comprehensive settlement, which has not yet been concluded.
Global timeline
Dated events from published cases, in chronological order. Dates keep their real precision; a period filter includes any event whose date range overlaps it.
Events
83 events.
Events over time
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· Legal decision
Caprivi treason trial High Court verdict, 2015
A 16-year trial process concluded with 30 convictions and 79 acquittals among 132 original defendants.
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· Other
Niger Delta Avengers pipeline-attack campaign, 2016
A new militant group significantly disrupted Nigerian oil production, citing autonomy and resource-control demands.
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· Legal decision
Sejm rejects Silesian minority recognition bill, 2016
A citizens' bill to recognise Silesians as an ethnic minority, signed by 140,000 people, was rejected by the Polish parliament.
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· Protest
Origins of the Hirak Rif movement, 2016
The death of a fish seller sparked a socioeconomic rights movement, not an independence campaign.
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· Protest
Origins of the Anglophone crisis, 2016-2017
Peaceful protests calling for federalism escalated after a government crackdown.
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· Other
"O Sul é o Meu País" consultation, 2016
The movement held a self-organised, non-binding consultation reporting overwhelming support for secession.
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· Legal decision
Federal Constitutional Court ruling on Bavarian secession, 2016
The German Federal Constitutional Court rejected a petition for a referendum on Bavarian independence, ruling that German states cannot secede.
In: Bavaria
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· Protest
2017 French Guiana general strike and protests
A broad protest coalition led a month-long general strike over security, healthcare and infrastructure demands.
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· Other
Collapse of the Yes California signature drive, 2017
The organisation's founder disbanded the campaign after relocating to Russia.
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· Other
Formation of the Southern Transitional Council, 2017
A new political body emerged aiming to restore southern sovereignty, later taking control of Aden.
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· Other
2017 Gorkhaland agitation
A language-policy dispute reignited the statehood demand in a 104-day strike marked by renewed violence.
In: Gorkhaland
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· Referendum or popular consultation
Kurdistan Region independence referendum, 2017
Voters in the Kurdistan Region and some disputed areas voted on independence; Baghdad rejected the vote and the federal Supreme Court later cancelled its results.
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· Referendum or popular consultation
Catalan independence referendum of 1 October 2017
The Catalan government held a referendum on independence that the Constitutional Court had suspended; it reported 90.18% Yes on 43.03% participation.
In: Catalonia
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· Declaration
Ambazonia Declaration, 2017
Separatists proclaimed an independent Federal Republic of Ambazonia, shifting from federalism demands to independence and armed struggle.
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· Referendum or popular consultation
Venetian autonomy referendum, 2017
Venetians voted overwhelmingly for further autonomy after the Constitutional Court barred a binding independence vote.
In: Veneto
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· Constitutional change
Application of article 155 in Catalonia, 2017
The Senate authorised direct measures under article 155; the Spanish government dissolved the Parliament of Catalonia and called elections, and the Constitutional Court suspended the Parliament’s declaration.
In: Catalonia
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· Legal decision
Federal Supreme Court ruling on the Kurdistan referendum, 2017
Iraq’s federal Supreme Court ruled the 2017 referendum unconstitutional and cancelled its results.
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· Other
PTM's rise to prominence, 2018
A human-rights movement founded to address landmines grew into a nationwide Pashtun rights movement following a police killing.
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· Other
ETA dissolution, 2018
The armed nationalist group ETA formally dissolved, seven years after declaring a ceasefire and completing disarmament the previous year.
In: Basque Country
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· Declaration
Eritrea–Ethiopia joint declaration of peace, 2018
President Isaias Afwerki and Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed signed a joint declaration in Asmara formally ending the state of war and restoring diplomatic and transport ties.
In: Eritrea
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· Agreement
OLF-Ethiopian government peace agreement, 2018
The OLF agreed to disarm and pursue its goals peacefully, though a faction later rejected this and split off.
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· Agreement
Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, 2018
South Sudan's government and opposition parties signed the Revitalised Agreement in September 2018, providing a renewed roadmap for a permanent ceasefire and a transitional government of national unity.
In: South Sudan
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· Other
2018 Ahvaz military parade attack
An attack on a military parade killed 25 people, with responsibility disputed between the Islamic State and an Ahwazi separatist group, which retracted its initial claim.
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· Agreement
ONLF-Ethiopia peace agreement, 2018
The ONLF ended its insurgency and became a legal political party.
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· Other
Hong Kong protests, 2019-2020
The largest protests in Hong Kong's modern history arose over an extradition bill and continued for months.
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· Referendum or popular consultation
Bangsamoro Organic Law plebiscite, 2019
Voters overwhelmingly approved the law establishing the BARMM as a self-governing region.
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· Legal decision
ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Chagos Archipelago, 2019
The International Court of Justice found in a 2019 advisory opinion that the 1965 detachment of the Chagos Archipelago was not lawfully agreed and that Mauritius's decolonisation was not completed in 1968; the General Assembly then called on the UK to withdraw its administration.
In: Mauritius
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· Legal decision
Davis v. Guam Ninth Circuit ruling, 2019
A federal appeals court struck down the race-restricted plebiscite voter eligibility rule as unconstitutional.
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· Legislation
Abrogation of Article 370, 2019
India revoked Jammu and Kashmir's special constitutional status and reorganised it into two Union Territories.
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· Administrative change
Reconstitution of Ladakh as a Union Territory, 2019
Ladakh became a legislature-less Union Territory following the abrogation of Article 370, triggering the statehood movement.
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· Agreement
Riyadh Agreement, 2019
Saudi mediation produced a power-sharing agreement between the internationally recognized government and the STC, whose implementation stalled.
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· Referendum or popular consultation
Bougainville referendum, 2019
Bougainvilleans chose between greater autonomy and independence; 176,928 of 181,067 ballot papers counted were for independence.
In: Bougainville