Per the catalogue's instruction to define scope and constituent historical episodes, this bundle separates the historical Ragamuffin War (1835-1845), during which rebels declared the Riograndense Republic before its 1845 defeat, from the modern "O Sul é o Meu País" movement, founded in 1992, which seeks secession of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina to form an independent parliamentary republic. It documents the movement's self-organised, non-binding 2016 consultation, explicitly noting this was not an official state-run referendum and carries no legal effect on Brazil's territorial integrity.
During the 1835-1845 Ragamuffin War (Farroupilha Revolt), rebels declared the Riograndense (Piratini) Republic on 11 September 1836 amid grievances over central-government neglect and economic policy toward Rio Grande do Sul; the republic was defeated and reintegrated into the Brazilian Empire in 1845.[1] More than a century later, and organisationally unrelated, the "O Sul é o Meu País" movement was founded in 1992, describing itself as a peaceful, plebiscitary movement seeking the secession of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina to form an independent parliamentary republic headquartered in Lages, Santa Catarina.[2] On 1 October 2016, the movement organised a self-run, non-binding consultation across 386 municipalities in which 616,917 people participated, reporting 95.74% support for secession; this was a private civic exercise, not an official Brazilian state-run referendum, and carries no legal effect on Brazil's territorial integrity.[3]
Status verified as of
Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina remain constituent states of the Federative Republic of Brazil. No official, state-run referendum on secession has been held. The "O Sul é o Meu País" movement continues to organise around its proposal, and its 2016 self-run consultation reported overwhelming support among participants, but this carries no legal effect and does not represent an officially measured or binding expression of the broader population's will.[3]
History
From the 1836 Riograndense Republic to the 2016 "O Sul é o Meu País" consultation.
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· Declaration
Rebels declared an independent republic during the Ragamuffin War, later defeated and reintegrated.
Significance here: The earliest and only historical instance of an actual declared independent state in the region covered by this case.
· Other
The movement held a self-organised, non-binding consultation reporting overwhelming support for secession.
Significance here: The movement's largest documented public mobilisation, though not an official state-run referendum.
Each number marks a specific claim. Notes give the source, its locator and how it relates to the claim.
Claim: During the 1835-1845 Ragamuffin War (Farroupilha Revolt), rebels led by Bento Gonçalves da Silva and Antônio de Sousa Neto declared the Riograndense (Piratini) Republic on 11 September 1836, capital at Piratini, amid grievances over central-government neglect and economic policy toward Rio Grande do Sul; the republic was defeated by imperial forces and reintegrated into the Brazilian Empire in 1845.
Claim: The "O Sul é o Meu País" (The South Is My Country) movement was founded in 1992, describing itself as a peaceful, plebiscitary movement studying the cultural, social and political justifications for the secession of the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, proposing an independent parliamentary republic headquartered in Lages, Santa Catarina.
Claim: On 1 October 2016, the "O Sul é o Meu País" movement organised a self-run, non-binding consultation across 386 municipalities in the three southern states, in which 616,917 people participated; the result was 95.74% ("590,664 votes") in favour of secession, with Rio Grande do Sul recording the highest support at 97.21%. This was a private civic exercise organised by the movement itself, not an official Brazilian state-run referendum, and carries no legal effect on Brazil's territorial integrity.