Global timeline

Events

14 events.

1. 1977 – 2 December 1997 · Other

   Chittagong Hill Tracts insurgency, 1977-1997

   A two-decade armed conflict over Jumma autonomy and land rights, fuelled by state-sponsored Bengali settlement, ended with a negotiated peace accord.

   In: Chittagong Hill Tracts self-government

2. 1988 – 12 May 1994 · Other

   First Nagorno-Karabakh War, 1988-1994

   A war between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces that left Armenian forces in control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding Azerbaijani territory for nearly three decades.

   In: Nagorno-Karabakh / Artsakh

3. 1988–1997 · Conflict episode

   Bougainville conflict, 1988–1997

   An armed conflict that began around the Panguna mine, closed it in 1989 and lasted until a truce in 1997.

   In: Bougainville

4. 28 December 1989 – 1995 · Other

   Founding of the Naji-led Balawaristan National Front and factional split, 1989-1995

   A reorganized nationalist party later split between a fully secessionist wing and an autonomy-focused wing.

   In: Gilgit-Baltistan political-status movements

5. 1990–1995 · Other

   Tuareg rebellion in Niger and Mali, 1990-1995

   Drought and political repression drove a Tuareg rebellion seeking autonomy or independence.

   In: Tuareg self-determination beyond Azawad

6. 1994 · Legislation

   Baku Metro bombing allegation and Sadval ban, 1994

   Azerbaijani authorities banned Sadval as a terrorist organization following the 1994 Baku Metro bombings, a contested allegation that led to Sadval's decline.

   In: Lezgin self-determination

7. 1994 · Other

   ONLF shift to armed insurgency, 1994

   Disillusionment with federal autonomy led the ONLF to launch an armed insurgency seeking self-determination.

   In: Ogaden / Somali-region self-determination

8. 1994 · Agreement

   Tatarstan-Russia power-sharing treaty, 1994

   A bilateral treaty gave Tatarstan substantial autonomy within the Russian Federation, later renewed in 2007 and allowed to lapse in 2017.

   In: Tatarstan

9. 1994 – 12 May 1997 · Other

   First Chechen War and Khasavyurt Accord, 1994-1997

   A war between Russian federal forces and Ichkerian separatists ended in a Russian military defeat and a ceasefire deferring Chechnya's status, followed by a peace treaty with the newly elected Chechen president.

   In: Chechen independence / Ichkeria

10. March 1994 · Organisation founded

    Founding of the Freedom Front, 1994

    Constand Viljoen founded a party to pursue Afrikaner self-determination electorally, after constitutional negotiators agreed to a self-determination principle.

    In: Afrikaner / Volkstaat proposals

11. 5 April 1994 · Constitutional change

    Adoption of the Steppe Code of Kalmykia, 1994

    Under President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, Kalmykia adopted a new basic law and voluntarily dispensed with the separate constitutional trappings other Russian republics retained.

    In: Kalmykia

12. 21 May 1994 – 7 July 1994 · Other

    1994 Yemeni civil war

    Southern leaders declared a short-lived, unrecognized secession that was defeated within weeks, reaffirming unification.

    In: South Yemen independence

13. 1 July 1994 · Constitutional change

    Buryatia Constitution, 1994

    Buryatia adopted its own constitution and established a presidency within the framework of the new Russian Federation.

    In: Buryatia

14. 3 August 1994 · Agreement

    Bashkortostan-Russia power-sharing agreements, 1994

    Bilateral agreements granted Bashkortostan broad autonomy within Russia, including a distinct legal, tax and judicial system, later rescinded following a 2009 court ruling.

    In: Bashkortostan