Dated events associated with this case. Each event is a shared record: the same event appears identically wherever it is relevant.
· Agreement
The Addis Ababa Agreement ended the First Sudanese Civil War and created the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region; its 1983 abolition triggered the second civil war.
Significance here: Ended the first civil war and established the autonomy arrangement whose 1983 collapse led to the war that produced South Sudan's eventual independence.
· Agreement
The Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Naivasha, ending the twenty-two-year second Sudanese civil war and providing for a referendum on Southern Sudan's self-determination.
Significance here: Ended the second Sudanese civil war and created the legal basis for the 2011 referendum.
· Other
SPLM/A leader John Garang died in a helicopter crash three weeks after being inaugurated First Vice-President of Sudan; Salva Kiir succeeded him.
Significance here: A major leadership transition in the movement that had just secured the CPA, shaping the SPLM/A's leadership through independence and beyond.
· Referendum or popular consultation
Southern Sudanese voted 9–15 January 2011 on whether to remain united with Sudan or secede; international observers judged the process credible and the vote produced an overwhelming majority for secession.
Significance here: The vote whose result led directly to South Sudan's declaration of independence and UN membership.
· Declaration
South Sudan was proclaimed an independent state on 9 July 2011, the scheduled end of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement's Interim Period.
Significance here: Formal statehood following the referendum result.
· Recognition
Following the Security Council's recommendation, the General Assembly admitted the Republic of South Sudan as the 193rd member of the United Nations.
Significance here: Formal international recognition of South Sudanese statehood following independence.
· Conflict episode
A conflict between the Government of South Sudan and opposition forces, arising from disputes between the country's political and military leaders, broke out in December 2013 and continued through a succession of cessation-of-hostilities agreements until the 2018 Revitalised Agreement.
Significance here: A large-scale internal conflict less than three years after independence, displacing millions and drawing UN sanctions.
· Agreement
South Sudan's government and opposition parties signed the Revitalised Agreement in September 2018, providing a renewed roadmap for a permanent ceasefire and a transitional government of national unity.
Significance here: The peace framework that ended large-scale fighting from the 2013–2018 civil war.
· Other
First Vice-President Riek Machar was detained in Juba on treason and related charges, widely reported to have effectively collapsed the unity government and the Revitalised Agreement.
Significance here: A major rupture in the post-2018 peace framework, risking renewed civil war amid a severe humanitarian crisis.
Dates show their real precision. Approximate or uncertain dates are labelled and never converted into an exact day.