Independence movements

Circassian self-determination: current status

Where the question stood on 21 September 2026: Circassians remain divided among three Russian republics and a diaspora, with core movement demands unmet at the Russian federal level.

Reading time
1 min read
Published
Status verified as of

Suggest a correction

Status verified as of 21 September 2026. Political positions change; this explainer describes the documented position on that date.

Current position

Circassians remain divided among three Russian republics (Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia) and a substantial diaspora abroad. The movement's core demands, genocide recognition, diaspora repatriation and republic unification, remain unmet at the Russian federal level, though a small number of states, most recently Ukraine in 2025, have recognized the 1860s events as genocide.[1]

Sources for this page

Each number marks a specific claim. Notes give the source, its locator and how it relates to the claim.

  1. 1.

    Claim: Many scholars and some governments and regional legislatures have characterized the 1860s events as genocide, including Georgia's parliament (2011) and Ukraine's parliament (2025), and, at a regional level within Russia, the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR (1992) and the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria (1994) and Adygea (1996); the Russian federal government's official position rejects the term "genocide," describing the events instead as a mass migration ("muhajirism"). This bundle presents both positions without adjudicating which characterization is correct.

Source note

Show in the notes list