Reference work · Independent publication
Circassian genocide
This is a bibliographic record, not a copy of the source. Where a link is given, read the source at its publisher.
- Publisher
- Wikipedia
- Original language
- en
- Link
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circassian_genocideAccessed 21 September 2026
Editorial annotation
General-reference encyclopedia article, consulted via citation rather than primary Russian imperial or Ottoman archival records. Population, death and displacement figures for the 1860s exile are reported here as ranges drawn from multiple sources cited within the article; the "genocide" characterization is presented as one used by many scholars and some governments, explicitly noting Russia's official rejection of the term, rather than as adjudicated fact by this bundle.