Concluded independence processes and documented earlier projects.
76 published cases matching Historical independence.
Historical independence
Namibia's path from South African administration through the 1978 UN settlement plan, over a decade of delayed implementation, a UN-supervised 1989 election, and independence in March 1990.
Political status and decolonisation
From the 1983 constitutional secession clause and the 1998 referendum that fell short of the required threshold, to the post-1998 easing of secessionist momentum.
Independence movements
From the 1814 Hartford Convention's secession debate to the contemporary New England Independence Campaign, founded 2014.
Historical independence
From the 1948 referendums and 1949 Confederation, to persistent but organisationally thin contemporary separatist sentiment.
Historical independence
The 1905 dissolution of the personal union between Norway and Sweden, from the Storting's 7 June Declaration through an overwhelming referendum to Swedish recognition that October.
Historical independence
Pakistan's emergence as an independent dominion under the Indian Independence Act, 1947, and its UN admission the following month.
Historical independence
Papua New Guinea's independence from Australia on 16 September 1975, following administration first under a League of Nations mandate and then a UN Trusteeship Agreement over the Territory of New Guinea, and UN admission that October.
Historical independence
The Philippines' independence from the United States on 4 July 1946 — notable for having already been a founding member of the United Nations since 1945, more than a year before its own independence.
Historical independence
From the 1999 founding of the Free Riau Movement and its resource-grievance driven proposals, to the movement's effective end following founder Tabrani Rab's 2022 death.
Historical independence
From the historical 1921-1926 Republic of the Rif under Abd el-Krim, to the distinct, contemporary socioeconomic Hirak Rif movement and Nasser Zefzafi's 2017-2018 arrest and sentencing.
Historical independence
The bounded 1987-1988 Republic of Rotuma episode, ended by sedition trials, and the subsequent decline of separate-independence interest under continued Rotuma Council governance.
Historical independence
Western Samoa's independence from New Zealand on 1 January 1962, the first Pacific island state to do so, and its UN admission nearly fifteen years later in 1976.
Historical independence
São Tomé and Príncipe's path from Portuguese colonial rule, through Algiers negotiations and a transitional government following Portugal's 1974 revolution, to independence in July 1975 and UN membership that September.
Historical independence
Slovenia's declaration of independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991, following a December 1990 plebiscite, and UN admission in May 1992.
Historical independence
From the 1950 declaration of the Republic of South Maluku and its 1950-1963 armed resistance, to the 1966 formation of a government-in-exile in the Netherlands that continues today.
Historical independence
South Sudan's path from the 1983–2005 second Sudanese civil war and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement through the January 2011 self-determination referendum to independence, UN membership, and the 2013–2018 civil war.
Historical independence
From the 1836 Riograndense Republic declaration and its 1845 defeat, to the modern "O Sul é o Meu País" movement and its 2016 self-organised consultation.
Historical independence
Suriname's path from a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, through negotiations begun in 1974, to independence in November 1975 and UN membership that December.
Historical independence
From the 1976 Vaddukoddai Resolution and the founding of the LTTE, through the 26-year Sri Lankan Civil War and its contested final phase, to the post-war Tamil National Alliance's campaign for devolution.
Historical independence
The 1980 "Tafea Nation" secession attempt centred on Tanna and neighbouring islands, distinct from the Espiritu Santo/Vemerana episode, ended by British intervention and Vanuatu's independence.
Historical independence
The historical independence process of Timor-Leste: Portuguese colonial rule, the 1975 declaration and Indonesian invasion, the UN-run consultation of 1999 and independence in 2002.
Political status and decolonisation
From the 1979-1982 independence plan derailed by McCartney's death, through the 2009-2012 governance suspension, to the separate, historical Canada-association proposal.
Historical independence
From the 1776 Declaration of Independence, through the Revolutionary War, to Great Britain's formal recognition of American independence in the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
Historical independence
The New Hebrides' independence from joint Anglo-French rule as the Republic of Vanuatu on 30 July 1980, and UN admission the following year.