Concluded independence processes and documented earlier projects.
76 published cases matching Historical independence.
Historical independence
Ghana's independence from the United Kingdom on 6 March 1957, the first sub-Saharan African country to achieve independence from colonial rule, followed by UN admission two days later.
Historical independence
Guinea-Bissau's unusual path to independence: a unilateral declaration by the PAIGC in September 1973, welcomed by the UN General Assembly weeks later while Portuguese forces still occupied parts of the territory, followed by Portugal's own recognition after its 1974 revolution and UN membership that September.
Historical independence
Guyana's independence from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966, formerly British Guiana, followed by UN admission that September.
Historical independence
From the 1804 Declaration of Independence, ending the Haitian Revolution, to France's recognition of Haitian independence in 1825 in exchange for an indemnity to former colonists.
Historical independence
India's independence from British rule on 15 August 1947, under the Indian Independence Act, 1947 — notable for having already been a founding, if not yet independent, member of the United Nations since 1945.
Historical independence
From the unilateral proclamation of independence in August 1945, through the Indonesian National Revolution, to the Dutch transfer of sovereignty in December 1949 and UN admission in September 1950.
Historical independence
From the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921, through the Irish Free State's establishment in December 1922, to the declaration of a republic taking effect in April 1949.
Historical independence
Jamaica's independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962, followed by UN admission six weeks later.
Autonomy and Indigenous self-government
From the KIA's 1961 founding and 1994-2011 ceasefire, through the KIO's 1975 shift to a federalism demand, to the post-2021 coup military campaign and territorial gains.
Autonomy and Indigenous self-government
From the KNU's 1949 declaration of war and 1976 shift to a federalism demand, to its post-2021 coup alliance with Myanmar's National Unity Government.
Historical independence
Kenya's independence from the United Kingdom on 12 December 1963, followed by UN admission four days later.
Historical independence
The 2007 Republic of Lakotah declaration by Russell Means, its lack of recognition, and the absence of documented activity since his 2012 death.
Historical independence
From the 1918 declaration of independence, through decades of Soviet annexation and occupation, to the restoration of independence in August 1991 and UN admission that September.
Historical independence
From the 1918 Act of Independence, through decades of Soviet annexation and occupation, to the March 1990 restoration of independence — the first among the Soviet constituent republics — and UN admission in September 1991.
Historical independence
Madagascar's transition from self-governing republic to full sovereign independence on 26 June 1960, and its UN admission that September.
Historical independence
Malta's independence from the United Kingdom on 21 September 1964, followed by UN admission that December.
Historical independence
Mauritius's independence from the United Kingdom on 12 March 1968, followed by UN admission six weeks later.
Historical independence
From the 1821 Act of Independence, ending the Mexican War of Independence, to Spain's formal recognition of Mexican independence in 1836.
Autonomy and Indigenous self-government
From the historical Miskito Kingdom and its 1894 incorporation into Nicaragua, through the 1987 Autonomy Statute negotiated by YATAMA, to documented 2020-2021 settler violence in the Bosawás Biosphere Reserve.
Historical independence
Montenegro's path from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro through an EU-mediated referendum framework, a May 2006 independence referendum, and independence and UN membership the following month.
Political status and decolonisation
From the 1967 colonial-status choice and the PLM's unrealized independence aspirations, through the catastrophic 1995-1997 volcanic crisis, to the current 2010 constitution and a post-2024 shift toward UK domestic-policy grievances.
Autonomy and Indigenous self-government
From the MNLF's 1972 founding and the 1976 Tripoli Agreement, through the MILF's split and campaign, to the 2019 Bangsamoro Organic Law plebiscite establishing the BARMM and the subsequent parliamentary election process.
Historical independence
Mozambique's path from Portuguese colonial rule through the 1974 Lusaka Accord, independence in June 1975, and UN membership that September.
Historical independence
Burma's independence from the United Kingdom on 4 January 1948, uniquely choosing to leave the British Commonwealth entirely, followed by UN admission that April.