Every published case hub, across all collections. Collections are navigation groupings, not legal categories; one case can appear in several but has one page.
224 published cases.
Independence movements
Хальмг Таңһч
Kalmykia's distinctive post-Soviet constitutional path: a 1990 sovereignty declaration that explicitly ruled out secession, followed in 1994 by President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov's voluntary renunciation of the separate constitutional and citizenship trappings other Russian republics retained.
Independence movements
From the 1995-1996 founding of the KLO and KPP to campaign for a separate Kamtapur state, through the 2003-2004 destruction of the KLO's Bhutanese camps, to the 2023 ceasefire and ongoing peace process.
Independence movements
From the 1998 Nouméa Accord's three referendums, through the disputed 2021 vote and the deadly May 2024 riots, to the July 2025 Bougival Accord and its April 2026 collapse.
Independence movements
Qaraqalpaqstan
From the 1932-1936 elevation and transfer of the Karakalpak ASSR to Uzbek jurisdiction, through the 1993 constitution granting Karakalpakstan a right to secede by referendum, to the deadly July 2022 protests that forced the reversal of proposed constitutional amendments stripping that status.
Independence movements
Karjala
Karelia's changing Soviet and post-Soviet status, from its brief 1940-1956 elevation to full union-republic status, through its 1990 sovereignty declaration (the first among Soviet autonomous republics) and Finland's 1991 renunciation of any claim to the territory, to the 2024 ban on the Karelian National Movement.
Autonomy and Indigenous self-government
From the KNU's 1949 declaration of war and 1976 shift to a federalism demand, to its post-2021 coup alliance with Myanmar's National Unity Government.
Independence movements
From the 1948 assassination of U Bee Htu Re and the resulting uprising, through the KNPP's 1957-2012 armed campaign, to the post-2021 coup Karenni Nationalities Defence Force.
Political status and decolonisation
From the disputed 1947 accession and UN Security Council Resolution 47's never-held plebiscite, through the 2019 abrogation of Article 370, to the distinct independence and pro-Pakistan-accession strands of Kashmiri political organising.
Historical independence
Kenya's independence from the United Kingdom on 12 December 1963, followed by UN admission four days later.
Independence movements
From the 1973 Anandpur Sahib Resolution and 1984 Operation Blue Star, through the 1980s-90s Punjab insurgency, to the unresolved 2023-2026 India-Canada diplomatic crisis over the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar.
Independence movements
From the disputed 1949 transfer of Kampuchea Krom to Vietnam, to the 1985 founding and ongoing international advocacy of the Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation.
Independence movements
Коми Республика
From the 1921 formation of the Komi Autonomous Oblast, through the 1990 sovereignty declaration and 1992 renaming to the Komi Republic, to the 1996 power-sharing treaty with Russia and its 2002 abolition.
Independence movements
Kosovo's path from UN Security Council Resolution 1244's 1999 interim administration, through its 2008 unilateral declaration of independence and the ICJ's 2010 advisory opinion, to the ongoing EU-facilitated Belgrade-Pristina normalisation process and partial international recognition.
Independence movements
کوردستان
An umbrella hub for Kurdish political projects across several states, from the Treaty of Sèvres to the present, with separate branches for each state context.
Independence movements
From the KDPI's 1945 founding and the 1946 Republic of Mahabad, through the 1979-1983 and 1989-1996 conflicts with the Islamic Republic, to Kurdish involvement in the 2022 protests and a still-unfolding 2026 crisis.
Independence movements
From the PYD's 2003 founding and the 2012-2014 establishment of Kurdish self-administration in northern Syria (Rojava), through the autonomous administration's development, to its 2025-2026 integration into the Syrian state following the fall of the Assad government.
Independence movements
From the PKK's 1978 founding and 1984 insurgency, through Abdullah Öcalan's 1999 capture and the failed 2013-2015 peace process, to the PKK's May 2025 dissolution and July 2025 symbolic disarmament.
Independence movements
هەرێمی کوردستان
Kurdish movements in Iraq from the 1920s, the self-governing Kurdistan Region created in 1992 and recognised in 2005, and the 2017 independence referendum.
Autonomy and Indigenous self-government
From the 2019 reconstitution of Ladakh as a legislature-less Union Territory, through the Leh Apex Body and Kargil Democratic Alliance's statehood and Sixth Schedule campaign, to the fatal September 2025 Leh violence and inconclusive subsequent negotiations.
Historical independence
The 2007 Republic of Lakotah declaration by Russell Means, its lack of recognition, and the absence of documented activity since his 2012 death.
Historical independence
From the 1918 declaration of independence, through decades of Soviet annexation and occupation, to the restoration of independence in August 1991 and UN admission that September.
Independence movements
The Lezgin people, divided by the Russia-Azerbaijan border since 1860, organized the Sadval movement in 1990 to seek reunification or autonomy; the movement declined after a contested 1994 terrorism allegation and its own 1996 abandonment of territorial claims.
Historical independence
From the 1918 Act of Independence, through decades of Soviet annexation and occupation, to the March 1990 restoration of independence — the first among the Soviet constituent republics — and UN admission in September 1991.
Independence movements
From the 1966-1996 nuclear testing programme and the 2013 UN re-inscription, to the 2023 Tavini Huiraatira election victory and differing views on independence within the movement.