Dated events associated with this case. Each event is a shared record: the same event appears identically wherever it is relevant.
· Other
A war between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces that left Armenian forces in control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding Azerbaijani territory for nearly three decades.
Significance here: Established Armenian de facto control of Nagorno-Karabakh and adjacent territory that persisted until reversed in the 2020 and 2023 conflicts.
· Referendum or popular consultation
Local authorities proclaimed the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, confirmed by a referendum boycotted by the region's Azerbaijani population.
Significance here: The founding act of the unrecognized Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the trigger for the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.
· Other
A 44-day war in which Azerbaijan recaptured surrounding territories and part of Nagorno-Karabakh itself, reversing much of the outcome of the first war.
Significance here: Reversed nearly three decades of Armenian territorial control and set the stage for the final 2023 offensive.
· Other
A rapid Azerbaijani military offensive led to the dissolution of Artsakh's defence forces and the flight of the great majority of the region's ethnic Armenian population.
Significance here: Ended organized ethnic Armenian self-government and population presence in Nagorno-Karabakh after more than three decades, and prompted binding ICJ provisional measures against Azerbaijan.
Dates show their real precision. Approximate or uncertain dates are labelled and never converted into an exact day.