Dated events associated with this case. Each event is a shared record: the same event appears identically wherever it is relevant.
· Conflict episode
Nationalist uprisings in 1961, including attacks by the MPLA and the UPA (a forerunner of the FNLA), opened a thirteen-year war of independence against Portuguese colonial rule.
Significance here: The armed struggle that eventually forced Portugal to negotiate the Alvor Agreement.
· Agreement
Portugal and the three Angolan liberation movements (MPLA, FNLA and UNITA) signed the Alvor Agreement, providing for a transitional government and independence.
Significance here: Set the formal legal basis for Angolan independence, though its transitional arrangements collapsed into civil war.
· Declaration
Angola became independent from Portugal on 11 November 1975, with the MPLA, FNLA and UNITA each proclaiming rival governments; only the MPLA's was internationally recognised.
Significance here: The formal end of Portuguese rule, contested by three rival proclamations of government.
· Recognition
After the Security Council failed to recommend Angola for membership in June 1976, it did so in November 1976, and the General Assembly admitted the People's Republic of Angola in December.
Significance here: Formal international recognition of Angolan statehood, delayed by several months of Security Council disagreement.
Dates show their real precision. Approximate or uncertain dates are labelled and never converted into an exact day.