Dated events associated with this case. Each event is a shared record: the same event appears identically wherever it is relevant.
· Conflict episode
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla launched the independence struggle with the "Cry of Dolores" on 16 September 1810; after his 1811 execution José María Morelos led a second phase until his own 1815 execution, and the war continued until 1821. Published casualty estimates vary widely, from roughly 250,000 to 600,000 total deaths.
Significance here: The eleven-year war whose end produced the 1821 Act of Independence.
· Agreement
Agustín de Iturbide proclaimed the Plan of Iguala on 24 February 1821, advocating an independent constitutional monarchy; he and Spanish viceroy Juan O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba on 24 August 1821, ratifying the plan and providing for the withdrawal of Spanish forces.
Significance here: The negotiated settlement that immediately preceded the formal declaration of independence.
· Declaration
Following the entry of the Army of the Three Guarantees into Mexico City, the Supreme Provisional Government Junta declared Mexico a sovereign and independent nation on 28 September 1821, signed by 33 board members and Agustín de Iturbide.
Significance here: The founding declaration of Mexican independence, ending the Mexican War of Independence.
· Agreement
Spain formally recognised Mexico as a "free, sovereign, and independent nation" in the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty, signed in Madrid on 28 December 1836, fifteen years after Mexico's declaration.
Significance here: Spain's formal, long-delayed recognition of Mexican independence.
Dates show their real precision. Approximate or uncertain dates are labelled and never converted into an exact day.