Conflict episode

Mozambican War of Independence begins, 1964

FRELIMO launched an armed insurgency against Portuguese colonial rule in September 1964, beginning a ten-year war of independence.

What happened

FRELIMO launched an armed insurgency against Portuguese colonial rule in September 1964, beginning a war that lasted until the 1974 Lusaka Accord. Portuguese military archives record 1,794 Portuguese soldiers killed and 8,524 wounded; a commonly cited estimate puts FRELIMO fighter deaths at roughly 10,000, but no consolidated civilian death toll has been established, and no single casualty figure for the war overall is treated as authoritative.[1]

Sources for this page

Each number marks a specific claim. Notes give the source, its locator and how it relates to the claim.

  1. 1.

    Claim: Portuguese military archives record 1,794 Portuguese soldiers killed and 8,524 wounded during the 1964–1974 Mozambican War of Independence; a commonly cited estimate puts FRELIMO fighter deaths at roughly 10,000, but no consolidated civilian death toll has been established and no single figure for the war's overall casualties is treated as authoritative.

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