Agreement
Khanate of Kalat's Instrument of Accession to Pakistan, 1948
The Khan of Kalat signed accession to Pakistan after a brief declared independence, an event Baloch nationalists commemorate as a forced annexation.
What happened
The Khanate of Kalat declared independence on 15 August 1947, then signed an Instrument of Accession to Pakistan on 27 March 1948; Baloch nationalists characterize this as a forced annexation, a characterization not independently adjudicated here.[1]
Prince Abdul Karim led the first armed rebellion beginning in July 1948, continuing into 1950.[2]
Sources for this page
Each number marks a specific claim. Notes give the source, its locator and how it relates to the claim.
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1.
Claim: The Khanate of Kalat, led by Mir Ahmad Yar Khan, declared independence on 15 August 1947, seeking a friendly relationship with the new state of Pakistan rather than accession or integration. After a standstill agreement, the Khan signed an Instrument of Accession to Pakistan on 27 March 1948 — the last princely state to do so — an event Baloch nationalists commemorate as a "Black Day" and characterize as an annexation rather than a voluntary accession, a characterization not independently adjudicated here.
- Insurgency in Balochistan (Wikipedia) link, Kalat Annexation Dispute section. Source record
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2.
Claim: Prince Abdul Karim, the Khan of Kalat's brother, led the first armed rebellion against Pakistani rule beginning in July 1948, which continued into 1950; lacking international support, the rebels eventually withdrew, marking the beginning of a recurring pattern of Baloch armed resistance in Pakistan.
- Insurgency in Balochistan (Wikipedia) link, Early Resistance section. Source record