Eritrean–Ethiopian border war, 1998–2000

Sources for this page

Each number marks a specific claim. Notes give the source, its locator and how it relates to the claim.

1. 1.

   Claim: A border war between Eritrea and Ethiopia broke out in 1998 and was ended by a Cessation of Hostilities Agreement signed in Algiers on 18 June 2000; the Security Council resolution establishing a UN mission to support that agreement refers to the OAU Framework Agreement of 1998 on the conflict.

   • United Nations Security Council, Security Council resolution 1312 (2000) (United Nations, 31 July 2000) link, preambular paragraph and para. 6. Source record
2. 2.

   Claim: The Algiers Agreement, signed on 12 December 2000, provides that "the parties shall permanently terminate hostilities between themselves" and that each party shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the other.

   • Government of the State of Eritrea and Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Agreement between the Government of the State of Eritrea and the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Algiers Agreement) (United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), 12 December 2000) link, art. 1. Source record
3. 3.

   Claim: Published estimates of the 1998-2000 Eritrea-Ethiopia border war's death toll vary widely: a commonly cited combined figure is roughly 70,000-80,000, while other sources give ranges as wide as 19,000-150,000 Eritreans and 34,000-150,000 Ethiopians killed, with some totals cited as high as 300,000; roughly 650,000 civilians were displaced, and many deaths are attributed to disease and displacement rather than direct combat. No single figure is adopted as fact in this bundle.

   • Eritrean–Ethiopian War (Wikipedia) link, Casualty estimates section. Source record